@article{bibcite_204751,
  author = {Nebras Warsi and Simeon Wong and Karim Mithani and Sebastian Coleman and Olivia Arski and Hrishikesh Suresh and J{\"u}rgen Germann and Alexandre Boutet and Lauren Erdman and Flavia Gouveia and Barbara Berger and Tamas Minarik and Fa-Hsuan Lin and Hsin-Ju Lee and Benjamin Morgan and Elizabeth Kerr and Mary Smith and Ayako Ochi and Hiroshi Otsubu and Rohit Sharma and Carolina Gorodetsky and Puneet Jain and Shelly Weiss and Elizabeth Donner and Andres Lozano and Carter Snead and Sabine Kastner and Margot Taylor and George Ibrahim},
  title = {Closed-loop stimulation modulates attention shifting in children},
  abstract = {<p>Spontaneous fluctuations in attention can impede adaptation to changing goals and environments. Endogenous control over attentional shifts, referred to as attentional flexibility, is prone to disruption in children with attention deficit disorders. Here we studied in vivo intracranial recordings in children with epilepsy to identify a reproducible neural signature of attentional control that could predict and prevent impending lapses in real time. Machine learning classifiers were trained on intracranial signals while each child performed an attentional set-shifting task and predicted delays in attention shifting over multiple days and across several pediatric populations. Intracranial electrical stimulation in response to impending delays rescued attention shifts indexed by eye tracking, reaction time and accuracy. Simultaneous electroencephalography identified corresponding scalp signatures that enabled noninvasive modulation of attention shifting in healthy participants. These findings provide insight into the neural basis of attentional shifts with implications for targeted neuromodulation and exogenous attentional control.</p>},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Nature Neurosci.},
  volume = {29},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02294-0},
}